Basketball Study
Guide
History:
Basketball was
introduced in 1891 by Dr. James A. Naismith, then
physical education director at the
Game Play:
Basketball is considered
a team sport. Team work is
essential for success. Each team has five players on the court usually
consisting of two guards, two
forwards, and a center. There are also usually several substitutes for each
position on the bench that can come in any time that play is stopped.
Each
high school game consists of 4
eight minute quarters, a college
game consists of 2 twenty minute halves; a professional game consists of 4 twelve
minute quarters. Play continues until the designated time expires. The team that
scores the most points over that time span is declared the winner. The only
other time that play is stopped is when the ball goes out of bounds or a foul or
a violation occurs.
An
official will start every game with a jump ball. One player from each team
will enter the center circle and
when the official tosses the ball in the air, they will try to tip it to one of
their teammates. The team that has possession of the ball is on offense and their primary goal is to
dribble, pass, or hand the ball into position to shoot the ball into their
offensive basket. In the game of basketball there are many different offensive
plays that a team may run which would require varied positioning of its players.
A ball that is shot into a teams’ offensive basket from inside the 3 point arc (see court diagram) is a
2 point field goal. A ball that is shot by a
player standing beyond the 3
point arc is a 3 point field goal.
After each made field goal the team not scoring puts the ball into play
from out of bounds behind the baseline (see court diagram) nearest
their defensive basket.
The
team not in possession of the
ball is on defense and their
primary goal is to prevent the other team from scoring. The two most commonly
used strategies are man to man
and zone defenses. In man
to man defense, each player on the defensive team matches up and guards one
player from the offensive team. In zone defense, each player is responsible for
a specific area on the court and must match up with any offensive player that
enters that space. While on defense players can attempt to steal the ball, block
a pass or shot, or rebound a missed field goal attempt. They must attempt to do
this without initiating illegal body contact with an offensive player. While
some incidental contact is allowed in basketball, any time a player (either
defensive or offensive player) gains an advantage through contact they will be
called for a foul. When a foul
is committed the opposing team will either be given the opportunity to shoot
free throws (a 1 point shot from 15 feet
while play is stopped – see the court diagram) or will be awarded the ball out
of bounds.
The only other time that the game will be
stopped is for a rules violation or fouls.
Some rules violations include:
Violations:
Travel
- player takes more than one step without dribbling the
basketball
- player changes, moves, or slides their pivot
foot
Double
Dribble
- dribbling again after picking the ball up off the
dribble
- dribbling with both
hands at the same time
3 Seconds in the
Lane
- an offensive player occupies a spot in the free throw lane
for at least three seconds
5 Second
Call
- after the referee hands the ball to the in-bounding player
they have five seconds to
throw the
ball in
- after picking up your dribble, you have five seconds to pass
the ball
- dribbling the ball in
the front court while being closely guarded (6 ft.) without making
an
offensive move to the basket
10 Second
Call
- the offensive team has ten seconds to get the ball over thehalf court line from their
defensive
end of the court (back court)
Over and
Back
-after passing the half
court line from the back court, a player with possession of the ball,
passes
back over the half court line into the back court
Alternate
Possession
- after the jump ball to start the game, each tie-up or held
ball alternates possession
between
the teams
Fouls:
to hit, hold, or
run into an opposing player
Common
(Personal)
- a player with 5 fouls is disqualified from the
game
Team
- fouls accumulated by the entire team during a
half
Bonus
- one-and-one free throw situation on the 7th team foul of each
half
Double Bonus
- on the 10th team foul of each half, two free
throws will be shot
Basketball Court:
Dimensions:
Length of court (sideline)
84 ft. (jr.high/high school)
94 ft.
(college/professional)
Width of the court (baseline)
50 ft.
Free throw line (foul line)
15 ft. (measured from the backboard)
3 point arc
19 ft. 9 in. (measured from the center of the goal)
Height of the goal
10 ft.
Rim (diameter)
18 in.
Basketball (diameter)
9
in.
Rules for 3-on-3
Basketball
* all official basketball rules apply except for the
following
1. All 3-on-3
games will be played on a half court.
2. Games will
be played to a certain number of points and you must win by 2 points or halfway
through the
class period, whichever comes first.
3. Each basket
will count as 1 pt. if made inside the 3 pt. arc. If the basket is made behind the 3 pt.
arc, it will count as 2 pts.
4. All
shooting fouls will be shot and if the free throw is made it will count as 1
pt. If the free throw is missed the
shooting team will retain possession.
5. If the
shooter is fouled while shooting from behind the arc, he will be awarded 2 free
throws. If the shooter hits one or
both of the free throws, the opposing team will have
possession.
6. On the 7th
team foul all fouls will be shot. If missed, the shooting team retains
possession.
7. After each
change of possession, the ball must be brought out beyond the 3 pt.
line.
8. After each
made basket, common foul, or out-of-bounds, the offense must let the defense
“check” the ball.
9. The
basketball has to be “checked” at the top of the key.
10. If you have
four people on your team, substitutions will be made after every 2 pts.